| 文摘: |
“粮食安全和营养的重要性被公认在东非地区和许多社区,全球。然而,实现东非国家的粮食安全受到许多因素的影响,包括不良环境条件、害虫和疾病。科学家们一直坚持地寻找创新策略优化作物生产和战斗挑战抵挡住实现粮食安全。在农业、增加作物产量的策略包括但不限于改善作物品种、耕作方式,扩展服务,灌溉服务,机械化,信息技术、化肥和农药的使用。同样重要的是转基因(GM)技术,在解决食品安全问题带来了新的前景。尽管如此,自引进转基因作物(GMOs)三十年前,这是一个全球公共话语的主题,明显在肯尼亚地区。不管有证据表明种植转基因作物积极影响农民的收入,经济获得食物和宽容的增加作物各种生物和非生物压力。本文着眼于问题采用转基因生物在肯尼亚和缺乏,导致话语,其潜力实现食品安全目前以及未来几代人。EAC是区域贸易组织包括布隆迪、刚果民主共和国、肯尼亚、卢旺达、坦桑尼亚和乌干达,南苏丹与总部设在坦桑尼亚阿鲁沙市。EAC区域集团的特点是不断上升的人口增长,耕地减少,增加营养不良和频繁发生的自然灾害,如干旱和洪水已经离开该地区的食品不安全。5 Faced with such challenges, strategies have to be formulated, adopted and implemented to ensure the poor and vulnerable communities in EAC, have access to resilient technologies that result in sustainable increase in production of nutritious food. Innovations in crop genetic improvement technologies like genetic engineering have the potential to offer increased, robust sustainable agricultural production in the face of population growth, climate change and shrinking natural resources.6 However, many promises of the technology that could have an impact on food security in EAC countries have not been realized because very few countries in the region have fully operationalized the necessary biosafety framework to regulate products of modern biotechnology. Most countries in EAC region have rather adopted a precautionary approach toward regulating GMO foods and crops irrespective of food shortages due to low agricultural production. Food security implies the physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life by all people.7 In light of this definition, food insecurity, under-nutrition and malnutrition are currently among the most serious concerns affecting many people in EAC region and other developing nations.8 Based on the results of EAC vulnerability assessment and analysis report, approximately 41 million people are food insecure and nine million are in urgent need of food aid.9 There is, therefore, an urgent need to increase production of nutritious food in EAC countries to avert hunger and malnutrition. Pursuant to that goal, the African Union, to which EAC countries belong, launched the Maputo Declaration on agriculture and food security in 2003 that stipulated that 10% of national budgetary resources of member countries should be committed to increase agricultural production." |